Solid wastes is a global problem with dumping and landfilling as the main practice in the world. However, we are used to say "waste is a resource, but our knowledge is not enough to utilize it". We talk about "zero wastes" and how to recovery everything and do not leave anything for the landfill and even do "mining" of the old landfill. I frequently get question on how to do it?
Now, we have published a book to put all the details on the technical, social, environmental and legal aspects on approaching zero wastes. It is suitable for municipalities, companies, researchers and students who are working in this field. The book is entitled Resource Recovery to Approach Zero Municipal Waste, and contain:
1. An Overview of Solid Waste Management towards Zero Landfill: A Swedish Model
Now, we have published a book to put all the details on the technical, social, environmental and legal aspects on approaching zero wastes. It is suitable for municipalities, companies, researchers and students who are working in this field. The book is entitled Resource Recovery to Approach Zero Municipal Waste, and contain:
1. An Overview of Solid Waste Management towards Zero Landfill: A Swedish Model
Kamran Rousta, Tobias Richards,
Mohammad Taherzadeh,
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Integrated
Solid Waste Management
1.3 Waste
Hierarchy as a Strategy 6
1.4 Waste
Refinery vs Biorefinery & Oil Refinery 7
1.4.1 Waste or Resource
1.4.2 Oil
Refinery vs Waste Refinery
1.5 Swedish
Waste Management in Practice
1.5.1 Waste
Management Progress in Borås
1.5.2 How the
Borås Model Works
1.5.2.1 Material flow in collection system
1.5.2.2 Material Recovery/Transfer Facilities (MR/TF)
1.5.2.2.1 Biological Treatment
1.5.2.2.2 Preparation of the Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
1.5.2.3 Thermal Treatment
1.5.2.3.1 Waste Boilers
1.5.2.3.2 Gas Cleaning
1.5.2.3.3 Ash Handling
1.5.2.3.4 District Heating
and District Cooling
1.5.2.4 Interaction of Different Disciplines in
Integrated Solid Waste Management in Borås
1.6 Concluding
Note
1.7 References
2. Sustainable Management of
Solid Waste
Kim Bolton, Barbara De Mena, Gerhard Schories,
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods for
Sustainable Management of Solid Waste
2.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
2.2.1.1 The Aim of LCA
2.2.1.2 The LCA Method
2.2.2 ISSOWAMA
Guideline on ISWM in Asian Developing Countries
2.2.2.1 Motivation
2.2.2.2 The Guideline
2.2.2.3 Evaluation
2.3 Examples of
ISWM
2.3.1 ISSOWAMA
2.3.2 Waste
Recovery in Borås, Sweden, and a partnership in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2.4 Concluding
Note
2.5 References
3. Laws and regulations
governing waste management - institutional arrangements regarding waste
management.
Ulla Eriksson-Zetterquist and Maria José Zapata Campos
3.1. Introduction
3.2. conceptualizing waste
3.3. From landfill to recycling and reduction
3.4. Laws and regulations gocerning waste
management
3.5. Recycling WEEE - A Global issue
3.6. Laws and regulations in global patterns
3.7. Laws in practice – Occupational risks and
hazardous environments
3.8. Concluding discussion
3.9. References
4. Source Separation of
Household Waste: Technology and Social Aspects
Kamran Rousta, Lisa Dahlén,
4.1 Household
waste separation
4.2 The role of
householders in waste separation
4.2.1 Factors that influence participation in source separatio
4.3 Collection
system for separated household waste
4.3.1
Bring/drop-off system
4.3.2 Property
close collection
4.3.2.1 Two-bin system
4.3.2.2 Commingled collection of dry
recyclables/yellow bin
4.3.2.3 Separate bin for each recyclable material
4.3.2.4 Multi-compartment bins
4.3.2.5 Optical sorting
4.3.2.6 Food waste separation
4.4 Source
separation: selection and evaluation
4.5 Some
recommendations
4.6 References
5. Composting of Wastes
Antoni Sánchez, Xavier Gabarrell, Adriana Artola,
Raquel Barrena, Joan Colón, Xavier Font and Dimitrios Komilis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Composting
to approach zero municipal waste
5.2.1 Composting within the waste treatment hierarchy
5.2.2 Benefits of composting
5.3 Scientific
principles of composting
5.3.1 Physicochemical parameters
5.3.2 Waste biodegradability
5.4. Composting
operation
5.4.1. Home composting
5.4.2. Simple industrial systems
5.4.2.1. Turned windrow
5.4.2.2. Static pile
5.4.3. In-vessel processes
5.4.3.1. Composting tunnels
5.4.3.2. Composting
channels/trenches
5.4.3.3. Rotating drum
biostabilizer
5.5 Composting
and/or anaerobic digestion
5.6 LCA and
comparison with other technologies for waste treatment
5.7 Compost
quality
5.7.1 Stability and maturity
5.7.2 Physicochemical parameters
5.8 Application
of compost
5.8.1 The role of compost as organic amendment
5.8.2 Compost as suppressor of plant diseases
5.9 Economy of
Composting
5.10 Concluding
Note
5.11
Nomenclature
5.12 References
6. Biogas from wastes:
processes and applications
Maryam M. Kabir, Gergely Forgács, Mohammad J.
Taherzadeh, Ilona Sárvári Horváth,
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Anaerobic
Digestion Process
6.2.1. Hydrolysis
6.2.2. Acidogenesis
6.2.3. Acetogenesis
6.2.4. Methanogenesis
6.3. Operational
and environmental factors affecting anaerobic digestion performance
6.3.1. Temperature
6.3.2. Nutrients
6.3.3. C/N –Ratio
6.3.4. pH and
alkalinity
6.3.5. Hydraulic
retention time and organic loading rate
6.4. Process
improvement
6.4.1. Substrate
6.4.2. Pretreatment
6.4.3. Co-digestion
6.5. Types of
anaerobic digestion reactors for organic solid wastes
6.5.1. Batch and
continuous systems
6.5.2. Wet and
dry anaerobic digestion
6.5.3. Number of
stages
6.5.3.1. Single-Stage
process
6.5.3.2. Two/or
multi-stage process
6.6. Global
overview of the AD digesters
6.6.1. Small scale AD
digesters
6.6.1.1. Designs of household digesters
6.6.2. Industrial scale digesters
6.7. Utilization
of biogas
6.7.1. Heating/Cooking
6.7.2. Producing
heat and electricity
6.7.3. Upgrading
6.7.4. Fuel
cells
6.8. Economics
of anaerobic digestion
6.8.1. Capital
cost
6.8.2. Operating
cost
6.8.3. Cost of
the biomass feedstock
6.8.4. Revenue
6.8.5. Financial
support system
6.9. Concluding
remarks
6.10. References
7. Combustion of wastes in
combined heat and power plants
Anita Pettersson, Fredrik Niklasson, Tobias Richards,
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 General
considerations about waste-to-energy plants
7.1.2 Waste as a
fuel
7.2 Boiler
design
7.2.1 Grate
furnace boiler
7.2.2 Fluidized
bed boiler
7.3 Flue gas
cleaning system
7.3.1 Particle
precipitation
7.3.2 CO control
7.3.3 Scrubbers
for HCl and SO2 removal
7.3.4 NOx
removal
7.4 Ashes
7.5 Ash treatment/disposal
7.5.1 Bed ash
7.5.2 Fly ash
7.5.3
Post-treatment of bed ash
7.5.4
Post-treatment of fly ash
7.5.5 Selective
waste incineration
7.5.6 Selective
ash collection
7.6 Cost and
revenues
7.6.1 Cost of
WtE plants
7.6.2 Revenues
from WtE plants
7.7 Modern WtE
installations
7.8 References
8. Recent developments in
the gasification and pyrolysis of waste
Tobias Richards,
8.1. Background/Introduction
8.2. What is pyrolysis and gasification?
8.2.1 Pyrolysis
8.2.2
Gasification
8.3. Why thermal treatment?
8.4. Technology options
8.4.1 Pyrolysis
technology
8.4.1.1 Slow pyrolysis
8.4.2
Gasification technology
8.4.2.1 Fixed bed gasification
8.4.2.2 Fluidized bed
8.4.2.3 Slagging gasification
8.4.2.4 Staged gasification
8.4.3 Plasma
gasification
8.5. Examples
8.6. A description of the various technologies
8.6.1 Valmet
8.6.2 Nippon
steel
8.6.3
Thermoselect
8.6.4 Kabelco
8.6.5 Enerkem
8.6.6 Mitsui
Engineering & Shipbuilding
8.6.7 Westinghouse
plasma gasification
8.7. Discussion
8.8. References
9. Metal Recycling
Christer Forsgren,
9.1 Background
9.2 Collection
9.2.1 Households
9.2.2 Industry
9.2.3 Handling
of scrap
9.3 Logistics
9.3.1 Transportation
9.3.2 Container
Selection
9.4 Stages of
Recycling
9.4.1 Separation
9.4.2 Identification
9.4.3 Sorting
9.4.4 Refining
9.4.5 Hydrometallurgical
processes
9.5 Recycling of
Specific Metals and Secondary Use
9.5.1 Base
Metals
9.5.2 Precious
Group Metals (PGM)
9.5.3 Rare Earth
Elements (REEs)
9.5.4 Special
metals
9.6 Recycling
examples
9.6.1 Recycling
of a Food Can
9.6.2 Recycling
of a Car (End of life Vehicle, ELV)
9.6.3 Recycling
of electrical cables
9.7 Conclusions
and the Future
9.8 References
10. Material and Energy
Recovery from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) - Status,
challenges and opportunities.
Efthymios Kantarelis, Panagiotis Evangelopoulos,
Weihong Yang,
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Status and
legislation
10.3 Composition
10.4 Energy,
materials and feedstock recycling options for WEEE
10.4.1
Dismantling and sorting
10.4.2 Shredding
and Grinding
10.4.3
Mechanical separation and sorting
10.4.4
Pyrometallugical treatment
10.4.5
Hydrometallurgical treatment
10.4.5
Thermochemical Treatment
10.4.5.1Combustion
10.4.5.2
Gasification
10.4.5.3
Pyrolysis
10.4.5.3.1 Pyrolysis Technologies
10.4.5.3.2 Dehalogenation of pyrolysis-oil -Catalytic
Upgrading
10.5 Conclusions
10.6 References
11. Recycling of thermoset
composites
Mikael Skrifvars, Dan Åkesson,
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The need to
recycle
11.3 Composite
recycling methods
11.3.1 Mechanical
recycling of composites
11.3.2 Energy
recovery of composites
11.3.3 Energy
recovery with material recovery
11.3.1 Energy
and material recovery in cement production
11.3.5 Pyrolysis
of composite waste
11.3.6 Chemical
degradation of composite waste
11.4 Future
perspectives for composite recycling
11.5 References
11.6 Tables and
Figures
12. Recycling of papers and
fibers
Samuel Schabel, Hans-Joachim Putz, Winfrid Rauch,
12.1 Advantages
of paper recycling
12.2 Recyclability
of paper products
12.3 Collection
systems for recovered paper
12.4 Dry sorting
technologies
12.5
Classification of paper for recycling in Europe (EN 643)
12.6 Basic stock
preparation processes for recovered paper production
12.6.1 Re-pulping
12.6.2 Coarse
cleaning
12.6.3 Screening
12.6.4 Flotation
12.6.5 Bleaching
12.7 Utilization
of recycled fiber pulp in papermaking
12.8 Future
perspectives for paper recycling
12.9 References
13. Product Design for
Material Recovery
Taina Flink, Mats Torring,
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Indirect
Impact on Material Recovery
13.2.1 Design
for Environment (DfE)
13.2.2 Design
for Re-Use
13.2.3 Design
for Modularity
13.3 Designing
for Material Recovery
13.3.1 Material Choices
13.3.1.1 Recycled Material
13.3.1.2 Metal
13.3.1.3 Plastic
13.3.1.4 Wood, Cardboard and Paper
13.3.1.5 Glass and Ceramics
13.3.1.6 Composites
13.3.1.7 Textiles and Foams
13.3.1.8 Rare Earth Metals
13.3.1.9 Hazardous and Polluting Components
13.3.2 Joinings and Connections
13.3.2.1 General Guidelines
13.3.2.2 Bayonets
13.3.2.3 Connecting without Joining Elements
13.3.2.4 Welding and Soldering
13.3.2.5 Glue
13.3.2.6 Screws
13.3.2.7 Rivets
13.3.2.8 Snap-fits
13.3.2.9 Clips
13.3.2.10 Casting
13.3.3 Take Back Systems
13.4 Concluding
note
13.5 References
14. Landfill mining: on the
potential and multifaceted challenges for implementation
Joakim Krook, Nils Johansson, Per Frändegård,
14.1
Introduction
14.2 Why should
we learn how to mine landfills?
14.2.1 Resource
implications – the importance of considering material stocks
14.2.2 Potential for pollution prevention
14.2.3 Other potential socio-economic impacts
14.3 Why don’t
we mine landfills
14.3.1 Fundamentals of cost-efficient industrial production
14.3.2 Institutional conditions for resource extraction
14.3.3 The landfill is stuck in a dump regime
14.3.4 Some
examples of legislative, market and business implications
14.4 Concluding
discussion
14.5 References
Index
Posts
Companies with metal recycling services must have and read the book.
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